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Unfortunately, optimal methods of sound production cannot replace the necessary physical training of a pianist. Each professional pianist has to follow the hygiene of hands and develop stamina. A pianist should have strong muscles of arms, wrists, hands and fingers, take care of the spine (especially cervical and thoracic parts), eat correctly (eat enough food that helps to build collagen fibers that make up tendons — connective tissues that attach muscles to bones) and sleep well. Otherwise, each pianist is in danger of developing tendonitis, elbow and carpal tunnel syndromes during fast and long playing.
In order for tendons not to inflame and pinch nerves (what causes pain in hands), it’s necessary to follow certain rules of hands hygiene:
1. Have good blood circulation that brings fresh blood
It’s necessary to do cardio-weight training and concentrate on full arms weight training in order to improve blood flow and bring fresh blood since blood nourishes the muscles and tendons.
2. Develop stamina
It’s necessary to train stamina in the muscles of hands because playing with tired hands over one’s strength limit causes the most damage to hands. Tendons overwork because of untrained arm muscles and it leads to inflammation. Training tendons and muscles of hands also improves their stamina and prevents their overwork. A good supply of strength allows to avoid playing on one’s limit, which is very important for illness prevention.
3. Prepare hands for playing
It’s important to do warm up before playing, in order for tendons to have time to relax after stretching and come to tone.
4. Allow hands to rest and avoid overwork
It’s necessary to take breaks every 30 minutes, especially if you play in fast tempo. It’s also good for cervical and thoracic spine.
5. Take care of health of cervical and thoracic spine (where pinching of all nerves of arms is possible)
In order to avoid pinching ulnar, radial and median nerves (which leads to those symptoms of pinching nerves by inflamed tendons), it’s necessary to take care of cervical and thoracic spine. It’s necessary to do work out and stretching of the spine, use power training to keep spine muscles in tone. It’s necessary to train abdominal and back muscles for good posture. Avoid sitting in a static pose longer than 30 minutes to prevent numbing of neck muscles. Do neck warming-up. Keep in mind that overworked muscles are responsible for pinching of all hand muscles.
6. Minimal work with computer
Undoubtedly, the worst enemy of a pianist is computer mouse and keyboard. Spending time with the computer leads to neck problems, and working with the mouse and keyboard leads to the carpal tunnel syndrome. Hands hardly bear short, repetitive movements for a few hours.
7. Sauna
Sauna relaxes and nourishes tendons and muscles of hands very well.
Here is an example of a daily exercise routine of a pianist.
1) Stretching and twists of all segments of spine
2) Training
• General warm-up
• Cardio-power training
• Exercises on muscles of hands, legs and abdomen
• Exercises on hand and wrist
...• Hand warm-up
...• Power training (push-ups on fingers, weights, hanging on bar and pull-ups)
...• Stretching
Attention: stretching on hands cannot be done without warming-up hands first, as it can lead to harm and scars of tendons which will lead to tendonitis.
• General stretching
No pianist can develop strength and stamina of hands that are necessary for long and fast playing without correct hygiene of hands and spine.
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